Sunday, October 9, 2011

JPSC ,BPSC and UPPSC is more Transparent than UPSC


The Union Public Service Commission's (UPSC) culture of secrecy is still maintained despite the fact that most of the State Public Service Commission has started sharing the information about the recruitment.

In fact, most State Public Service Commission is working to increase the transparency levels.

Interestingly, the State Public Service Commission  of states such as Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission(UPPSC), Bihar Public Service Commission(BPSC ),Madhya Pradesh Public Service Commission(MPPSC),Jharkhand Public Service Commission(JPSC )seem more progressive and transparent when it comes to revealing the information about the results.

The State Public Service Commission of  major states of the country releases the cut-off marks to aspirants who appearedsin the examination.

The Maharashtra Public Service Commission (MPSC) and Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC), known for releasing the cut-off marks of not only the mains examination but also the preliminary examinations as well.

Most states do not share the marks of the preliminary exam with the candidates,but both Uttar Pradesh Public Service Commission (UPPSC), Bihar Public Service Commission (BPSC) ,Andhra Pradesh Public Service Commission (APPSC)and Jharkhand Public Service Commission(JPSC).

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) claims in its petition filed in High Court that the efficacy of the examination process would be impaired once the cut-off marks are revealed.

The commission  argues that the scaling system is highly confidential and that it constitutes intellectual property of the UPSC, most state Public Service Commissions that use  the scaling system are sharing  the information with the candidates.

Recently JPSC who has first time introduced the scaling system has released the scaled marks and answer key to increase the transparency however some errors has been found in the answer key but the commission has adopted transparency.

MPPSC, has publish the scaling procedure in the newspapers and even provided the unscaled and scaled marks, on the specific request of the candidates. Rajasthan Public Service Commission (RPSC) also practices the same 

With the advent of Right to Information act MPPSC started putting in place systems to make the examination process transparent and to make it possible to share several examination related information with aspirants. 

In Tamil Nadu, Public Service Commission officials are working closely with the state information commissioner's office on what information should be shared with aspirants.

The state is known to be more opaque than others to share information. But when states Public Service Commission  like UPPSC,BPSC,JPSC, MPPSC etc  can be so forthcoming with information, why not the country premier recruiter UPSC?

Most states are actively making efforts to comply with the RTI Act to make them transparent unlike UPSC that is fighting against it despite the Delhi Court and the Central Information Commission (CIC) ruling for greater transparency in the examination process of UPSC.

Source:


http://goindocal.com/education-%BB-exams-state-public-service-commission%92s-are-more-transparent-than-upscgo-2838.htm

Saturday, October 8, 2011

JPSC Requests the Student to inform about the Errors in Model Answer



Ranchi,Oct,8 : Jharkhand Public Service Commission (JPSC) facing criticism regarding the errors in the Model Answer of the fourth Civil Services Prelimeniary Examination that they have released on their web site.

In this context commission has already constituted a expert commeettee to reevaluate the Model Answer Key after the protest of the students.

In a latest development in JPSC saga commission has requested to the student to inform the commission about the errors in Model Answer in three days that the issue will we resolved soon.

JPSC is struggling  to resolve the issue associated with fourth Civil Services Prelimeniary Examination as everyday new controversy surfacing.

Despite of all the efforts to save the examination done by the JPSC, Cancellation threat is looming on the examination because examination is under deep controversy right from the notification.

Aspirants are alleging the JPSC for their misconduct in the PT examination that includes repetition of question from the previous year UPSC papers,faulty scaling system and wrong Model answer released by the commission.


Friday, October 7, 2011

Manmohan Singh's Introduction and Curriculum Vitae (CV)


                                CURRICULUM VITAE 


DR. MANMOHAN SINGH 
PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA 

ACADEMIC RECORD 

1962 D. Phil., Nuffield College, University of Oxford. 

Topic: India’s Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth. [Published by Clarendon Press, Oxford, 1964] 


  • 1957 Economic Tripos [First Class honours], University of Cambridge 
  • 1954 M.A. Economics, Panjab University – First Class with first position in the University 
  • 1952 B.A. Economics(Hons.), Panjab University – Second Class with first position in the University 
  • 1950 Intermediate Panjab University – First Class with first position in the University 
  • 1948 Matriculation, Panjab University – First class 

 PRIZES AND AWARDS 


  • 2000 Conferred Annasaheb Chirmule Award by the W.LG. alias Annasaheb Chirmule Trust setup by United Western Bank Limited, Satara, Maharashtra 
  • 1999 Received H.H. Kanchi Sri Paramacharya Award for Excellence from Shri R.Venkataraman, former President of India and Patron, The Centenarian Trust 
  • 1999 Fellow of the National Academy of Agricultural Sciences,New Delhi.
  • 1997 Conferred Lokmanya Tilak Award by the Tilak Smarak Trust, Pune 
  • 1997 Received Justice K.S. Hegde Foundation Award for the year 1996
  • 1997 Awarded Nikkei Asia prize for Regional Growth by the Nihon Keizai Shimbun Inc.(NIKKEI), publisher of Japan’s leading business daily 
  • 1996 Honorary Professor, Delhi School of Economics,University of Delhi, Delhi 
  • 1995 Jawaharlal Nehru Birth Centenary Award of the Indian Science Congress Association for 1994-95
  • 1994 Asiamoney Award, Finance Minister of the Year 
  • 1994 Elected Distinguished Fellow, London School of Economics, Centre for Asia Economy, Politics and Society 
  • 1994 Elected Honorary Fellow, Nuffield College, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. 
  • 1994 Honorary Fellow, All India Management Association 
  • 1993 Euromoney Award, Finance Minister of the year
  • 1993 Asiamoney Award, Finance Minister of the Year 
  • 1987 Padma Vibhushan Award by the President of India 
  • 1986 National Fellow, national Institute of Education, N.C.E.R.T. 
  • 1985 Elected President, Indian economic Association 
  • 1982 Elected Honorary Fellow, st. John’s College, Cambridge, 
  • 1982 Elected Honorary Fellow, Indian Institute of bankers 
  • 1976 Honorary Professor, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 
  • 1957 Elected Wrenbury Scholar, University of Cambridge, U.K. 
  • 1955 Awarded Wright’s Prize for distinguished performance, & St. John’s college, Cambridge, U.K. 
  • 1956 Awarded Adam Smith Prize, University of Cambridge, U.K. 
  • 1954 Uttar Chand Kapur Medal, Panjab university, for standing first in M.A.(Economics), panjab University, Chandigarh
  • 1952 University Medal for standing First in B.A. Hon.(Economics), panjab University, Chandigarh 

Recipient of Honorary Degrees of D.Litt. from : 

  •  Panjab University, Chandigarh 
  • Guru Nanak University, Amritsar 
  • Delhi University, Delhi 
  • Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi 
  • University of Bologna, Italy 
  • University of Mysore, Mysore 
  • Chaudhary charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar (D.Sc) 
  • Kurukshetra University 
  • Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology, patiala (D.Sc) 
  • Nagarjuna University, Nagarjunanagar 
  • Osmania University, Hyderabad 
  • University of Roorkee, Roorkee (Doctor of Social Sciences) 
  • Doctor of Laws by the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 
  • Dr. Bhimrao Ambedkar University (formerly Agra University) - 

Doctor Letters degree 

  • Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad (Deemed University) D.Sc. (Honoris Causa) 
  • Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 

WORK EXPERIENCE AND POSITIONS HELD 

  • May 22, 2004 – till date: Prime Minister of India 
  • March 21, 1998 – May 22,2004: Leader of Opposition, Rajya 
  • Sabha (Council of States) Parliament of India 
  • June, 2001: Re-elected as member of Rajya Sabha for a Term of six years 
  • August 1, 1996 - Dec 4, 1997: Chairman, Parliamentary Standing Committee on Commerce, Rajya Sabha 
  • June 21, 1991- May 15, 1996: Finance Minister of India 
  • June, 1995: Re-elected Member of Rajya Sabha for a term of six years 
  • September, 1991: Elected Member of Rajya Sabha 
  • March 1991-June 1991: Chairman, University Grants Commission 
  • Dec 1990 – March 1991: Advisor to Prime Minister of India on Economic Affairs 
  • August 1987 – Nov 1990: Secretary General and Commissioner, South Commission
  • Jan 1985- July 1987: Dy. Chairman, Planning Commission of India
  • Sept 1982 – Jan 1985: Governor, Reserve Bank of India
  • April 1980 – Sept 1982: Member-Secretary, Planning Commission, India 
  • Nov.1976 – April 1980: Secretary, Ministry of Finance Dept. of Economic Affairs, Government of India
  •  Member [Finance], Atomic Energy  Commission, Govt. of India 
  • Member[Finance], Space Commission, Govt. of India 
  • 1972 – 1976: Chief Economic Adviser, Ministry of Finance, India
  • 1971 – 1972: Economic Adviser, Ministry of Foreign Trade, India 
  • 1969 – 1971: Professor of International Trade, Delhi School of Economics, Delhi University, India 
  • 1966 – 1969: UNCTAD, United Nations Secretariat, New York Chief, Financing for Trade Section  1966 : Economic Affairs Officer 
  • 1957 – 1965 : Panjab University, Chandigarh 
  •  1963-65 : Professor of Economics
  • 1959-63 : Reader in Economics 
  • 1957-59:Senior Lecturer in economics 

OTHER ASSIGNMENTS 


  • Leader of the Indian delegation to the Commonwealth 
  • Heads of Government Meeting, Cyprus (1993)
  • Leader of the Indian delegation to the Human Rights World Conference, Vienna (1993) 
  • Governor of India on the Board of Governors of the IMF and the International Bank of Reconstruction & Development (1991-95) 
  • Appointed by Prime Minister of India as Member, Economic Advisory Council to the Prime minister (1983-84) 
  • Chairman, India Committee of the Indo-japan ;Joint Study Committee (1980-83) 

- Leader, Indian Delegation to : 


  •  Indo-Soviet Monitoring Group Meeting (1982) 
  •  Indo-Soviet Joint Planning Group Meeting (1980- 82) 
  • Aid India Consortium Meetings (1977-79) 

- Member Indian Delegation to : 


  • South-South Consultation, New Delhi (1982) 
  • Cancun Summit on North-South Issues (1981) 
  •  Aid-India Consortium Meetings, Paris (1973-79) 
  • Annual Meetings of IMF, IBRD & Commonwealth Finance Ministers (1972-79) 
  • Third Session of UNCTAD, Santiago (April-May 1972) 
  • Meetings of UNCTAD Trade & Development Board, Geneva (May 1971 – July 1972) 
  • Ministerial Meeting of Group of 77, Lima (Oct.1971) 
  •  Deputy for India on IMF Committee of Twenty on International Monetary Reform (1972 – 74) 
  • Associate, Meetings of IMF Interim Committee and Joint Fund-Bank Development Committee (1976-80, 1982-85) 
  • Alternate Governor for India, Board of Governors of IBRD (1976-80) 
  • Alternate Governor for India, Board of Governors of the IMF (1982-85) 
  • Alternate Governor for India, Board of Governors, Asian Development Bank, Manila (1976-80) 
  • Director, Reserve Bank of India (1976-80) 
  • Director, Industrial Development Bank of India (1976- 80) 
  • Participated in Commonwealth Prime Ministers Meeting, Kingston (1975)
  • Represented Secretary;-General UNCTAD at several inter-governmental meetings including : Second Session of UNCTAD, 1968 
  • Committee on Invisibles & Financing Related to Trade, Consultant to UNCTAD, ESCAP and 
  • Commonwealth Secretariat 

- Member, International Organizations : 

Appointed as Member by the Secretary-General, United Nations of a Group of Eminent Persons to advise him on Financing for Development (December, 2000) 

 PUBLICATIONS 

(i) Author of book “India’s Export Trends and Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth” [Clarendon Press, Oxford University, 1964] 

(ii) Have published a large number of articles in economic journals 

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 
 S/o. Shri Gurmukh Singh 
 Born on 26th September, 1932 
 Married in 1958 to Smt. Gursharan Kaur 
 Have three daughters 






Thursday, October 6, 2011

World Leaders Reaction over Demise of Apple Co-Founder Steve Jobes



California,Oct,7:Corporate and politicial leaders across the world reacted over the death of  Tech icon Steve Jobs, the co-founder and former chief executive officer of Apple Inc. 

U.S. President Barack Obama commenting on the sad moment said that“Steve was among the greatest of American innovators -- brave enough to think differently, bold enough to believe he could change the world, and talented enough to do it.

“By building one of the planet’s most successful companies from his garage, he exemplified the spirit of American ingenuity. By making computers personal and putting the Internet in our pockets, he made the information revolution not only accessible, but intuitive and fun. And by turning his talents to storytelling, he has brought joy to millions of children and grownups alike. Steve was fond of saying that he lived every day like it was his last. Because he did, he transformed our lives, redefined entire industries, and achieved one of the rarest feats in human history: he changed the way each of us sees the world.

“The world has lost a visionary. And there may be no greater tribute to Steve’s success than the fact that much of the world learned of his passing on a device he invented. Michelle and I send our thoughts and prayers to Steve’s wife Laurene, his family, and all those who loved him.”

Founder  and chairman of Microsoft corp. Bill Gates said

“I’m truly saddened to learn of Steve Jobs’s death. Melinda and I extend our sincere condolences to his family and friends, and to everyone Steve has touched through his work.
“Steve and I first met nearly 30 years ago, and have been colleagues, competitors and friends over the course of more than half our lives.

“The world rarely sees someone who has had the profound impact Steve has had, the effects of which will be felt for many generations to come.

“For those of us lucky enough to get to work with him, it’s been an insanely great honor. I will miss Steve immensely.”

Steve Wozniak, co-founder of Apple who work with him for sevearl years .

“It felt a lot like you just heard that John Lennon got shot, or JFK, or Martin Luther King.

“He was one of those cool guys. He knew technology. He understood it. We talked about the philosophies of the day --the counterculture was strong, the hippy movement, words in songs -- and went to concerts together. It was a strong friendship.

“I think most people are going to miss the great products. That’s why we are stunned so much. It’s going to be hard to sleep tonight.”

Mark Zuckerberg, founder and chief executive officer of Facebook Inc.

“Steve, thank you for being a mentor and a friend. Thanks for showing that what you build can change the world. I will miss you.”

Michael Dell, CEO of Dell Inc. (DELL)

“Today the world lost a visionary leader, the technology industry lost an iconic legend and I lost a friend and fellow founder.

“The legacy of Steve Jobs will be remembered for generations to come. My thoughts and prayers go out to his family and to the Apple team.”

Ratan Tata, Tata Group Chairman.

“Steve Jobs has been one of the greatest icons of the modern era. His untimely death is a huge loss to us all.
“His creativity, innovativeness and unbelievable attention to detail in every single area, gave the world the early personal computer, the iPod, the iPhone and the iPad which have perhaps brought about the greatest change in the way people wirelessly listen to music, view visual images, exchange data and communicate.
“He has changed the way of life of many. Apple’s products, under his leadership, have had a profound impact on mankind, unequaled by any other company in the information and technology space.
“The world has lost a great business leader and a great visionary. He will be deeply mourned and greatly missed.”

Hans Vestberg, CEO of Ericsson AB.

“Our industry has lost a great visionary and inspirer. With his innovative thinking Jobs was part of creating the massive growth in smartphone usage we are seeing today.”

Martin Sorrell, CEO of WPP Plc.

“Steve Jobs was a unique and brilliantly successful entrepreneur and manager -- a very rare combination and an inspiration to all of us. The most outstanding entrepreneur and manager of his generation.
He was remarkable also in being able to bounce back from adversity -- the true test of a business genius. He was also an instinctive marketeer with an intuitive understanding of what the customer wants, of design, of product and of marketing.By virtue of being unique, he is by definition irreplaceable.”
Neelie Kroes, the European Union’s commissioner for digital affairs.
“A visionary who changed the way we live and work.”

Jim Snabe and Bill McDermott, co-CEOs of SAP AG.

“Our world has lost a visionary, a creator, and a good person. Steve Jobs always challenged assumptions, went for the impossible and pursued perfection. He set the standard for innovation: breakthrough ideas realized at nearly unlimited scale. His light will shine on and influence generations to come.”

John Chambers, CEO of Cisco Systems Inc. (CSCO)

“The world lost a true visionary and great man today. Steve Jobs did more than simply shape our concepts of technology and invention, he helped define our understanding of how great innovation and design can bring people closer together.

“I, and everyone at Cisco, are deeply saddened by Steve’s loss. Our deepest sympathies go out to his colleagues and family. We’ll miss you, Steve, but your legacy will continue forever.”

Meg Whitman, CEO of Hewlett-Packard Co. (HPQ)

“Steve Jobs was an iconic entrepreneur and businessman whose impact on technology was felt beyond Silicon Valley. He will be remembered for the innovation he brought to market and the inspiration he brought to the world.”

Larry Page, CEO of Google Inc. (GOOG)

“I am very, very sad to hear the news about Steve. He was a great man with incredible achievements and amazing brilliance.

“He always seemed to be able to say in very few words what you actually should have been thinking before you thought it.

“His focus on the user experience above all else has always been an inspiration to me. He was very kind to reach out to me as I became CEO of Google and spend time offering his advice and knowledge even though he was not at all well.

“My thoughts and Google’s are with his family and the whole Apple family.”Sergey Brin, co-founder of Google.

“From the earliest days of Google, whenever Larry and I sought inspiration for vision and leadership, we needed to look no farther than Cupertino.

“Steve, your passion for excellence is felt by anyone who has ever touched an Apple product (including the Macbook I am writing this on right now). And I have witnessed it in person the few times we have met.
“On behalf of all of us at Google and more broadly in technology, you will be missed very much. My condolences to family, friends, and colleagues at Apple.”

Robert Iger, CEO of Walt Disney Co. (DIS)

“Steve Jobs was a great friend as well as a trusted adviser. His legacy will extend far beyond the products he created or the businesses he built.

“It will be the millions of people he inspired, the lives he changed, and the culture he defined. Steve was such an ‘original,’ with a thoroughly creative, imaginative mind that defined an era. Despite all he accomplished, it feels like he was just getting started.

“With his passing the world has lost a rare original, Disney has lost a member of our family, and I have lost a great friend. Our thoughts and prayers are with his wife Laurene and his children during this difficult time.”

Marc Benioff, CEO of Salesforce.com Inc. (CRM)

“Steve Jobs was the greatest leader our industry has ever known. We are all blessed by his life. My thoughts and prayers are with his family.

“I am really sad. It’s such a terrible loss for the whole world. I will never forget him. He did so much for me.”

Guy Kawasaki, who served as an “evangelist” for Apple’s Macintosh computer when it was introduced in 1984 and is a founder of Garage Technology Ventures in Palo Alto, California.

“No CEO ever has done more for his customers, shareholders and employees than Steve Jobs.”
Choi Gee Sung, CEO of Samsung Electronics Co.

“Samsung Electronics is saddened to hear of Chairman Steve Jobs’s passing and would like to extend our deepest condolences.

“Chairman Steve Jobs introduced numerous revolutionary changes to the information technology industry and was a great entrepreneur.

“His innovative spirit and remarkable accomplishments will forever be remembered by people around the world.

“We would like to again express our sincerest condolences to Mr. Jobs’s family and his colleagues.”

Scott McGregor, CEO of Broadcom Corp. (BRCM)

“Steve’s passion for innovation and creativity will carry on for decades to come.“His legacy is enormous, touching millions of people around the world. Our entire industry and economy is better for his presence and incredible contributions.

“On behalf of Broadcom, we send our deepest condolences to Steve’s family and to Apple employees.”
Jay Elliot, author of “The Steve Jobs Way” who worked at Apple with Jobs for six years.

“It’s very sad. I can’t believe it. I’ve been preparing for it as we’ve all known it’s coming. But he was a unique person who we’ll never see or meet again.

“He changed my life. He lived in a direct way, the way he wanted. Some people criticize him but I worked for him for many years and he was a very moral individual.”

Maria Shriver, former first lady of California.

“I’m going to turn off my Apple computer, iPhone and iPad tonight at 8 p.m. and honor Steve with a moment of digital silence. Will you join me?”

Jim Allchin, former chief architect of Microsoft Corp. (MSFT)’s Windows operating system.

“In my view Steve’s contributions to society grew over time and, although he was always innovative, his best work came during the last 10 years. Steve’s ability to understand user- centric computing was the best I have ever seen. He was a truly remarkable man.”

California Governor Jerry Brown.

“Steve Jobs was a great California innovator who demonstrated what a totally independent and creative mind can accomplish.

“Few people have made such a powerful and elegant imprint on our lives. Anne and I wish to express our deepest sympathy to Steve’s wife, Laurene, and their entire family.”

Jeff Bewkes, Time Warner Inc. (TWX) CEO.

“The entire Time Warner family mourns the loss of Steve Jobs. The world is a better place because of Steve, and the stories our company tells have been made richer by the products he created.

“He was a dynamic and fearless competitor, collaborator, and friend. In a society that has seen incredible technological innovation during our lifetimes, Steve may be the one true icon whose legacy will be remembered for a thousand years.”

Rupert Murdoch, chairman and founder of News Corp.

“Today, we lost one of the most influential thinkers, creators and entrepreneurs of all time.

“Steve Jobs was simply the greatest CEO of his generation. While I am deeply saddened by his passing, I’m reminded of the stunning impact he had in revolutionizing the way people consume media and entertainment.
“My heart goes out to his family and to everyone who had the opportunity to work beside him in bringing his many visions to life.”

Mike Bloomberg, mayor of New York City and founder of Bloomberg LP, owner of Bloomberg News.
“Tonight, America lost a genius who will be remembered with Edison and Einstein, and whose ideas will shape the world for generations to come.

“Again and again over the last four decades, Steve Jobs saw the future and brought it to life long before most people could even see the horizon. And Steve’s passionate belief in the power of technology to transform the way we live brought us more than smartphones and iPads: It brought knowledge and power that is reshaping the face of civilization.

“In New York City’s government, everyone from street construction inspectors to NYPD detectives have harnessed Apple’s products to do their jobs more efficiently and intuitively.

“Tonight our city -- a city that has always had such respect and admiration for creative genius -- joins with people around the planet in remembering a great man and keeping Laurene and the rest of the Jobs family in our thoughts and prayers.”

Yang Yuanqing, CEO of Lenovo Group Ltd. (992)

“Today the world lost one of its greatest innovators and visionaries with the passing of Steve Jobs. His achievements are unmatched in our time.

“Steve led this industry like a beacon for the past decade. As a competitor, he helped ensure all of us pushed even harder, and I am confident his legacy will continue to energize the industry for many years to come.

“We admired his spirit, his creativity and his passion. He not only changed the technology industry, he changed the world and made it better.

“While we will all feel this enormous loss, I am confident that this industry will take to heart the lessons Steve taught us about innovation.”

Howard Stringer, chairman of Sony Corp. (6758)

“The digital age has lost its leading light, but Steve’s innovations and creativity will inspire dreamers and thinkers for generations.”

Morris Chang, chairman of Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.

“We have lost a true visionary. Steve Jobs changed the face of computing and defined the shape of mobile computing devices. He had created an unparalleled example of what innovation can do. It saddens me to think of how much more he had to offer the world. He will be missed deeply.”

George Lucas, chairman of Lucasfilm Ltd.

“The magic of Steve was that while others simply accepted the status quo, he saw the true potential in everything he touched and never compromised on that vision.

“He leaves behind an incredible family and a legacy that will continue to speak to people for years to come.”
John Lasseter, chief creative officer and president of Walt Disney and Pixar Animation Studios.

“Steve Jobs was an extraordinary visionary, our very dear friend and the guiding light of the Pixar family.
“He saw the potential of what Pixar could be before the rest of us, and beyond what anyone ever imagined. Steve took a chance on us and believed in our crazy dream of making computer animated films; the one thing he always said was to simply ‘make it great.’

“He is why Pixar turned out the way we did and his strength, integrity and love of life has made us all better people. He will forever be a part of Pixar’s DNA. Our hearts go out to his wife Laurene and their children during this incredibly difficult time.”

Mike Lazaridis and Jim Balsillie, co-CEOs of Research In Motion Ltd.

“Steve Jobs was a great visionary and a respected competitor. We extend our deepest condolences to his family and to all of the employees of Apple.”

Paul Otellini, president and CEO of Intel Corp.

“True genius is measured by the ability to touch every person on the planet. Steve did that, not just once, but many, many times over his amazing life. We at Intel were privileged to have known him and worked with him as he brought his creations to life. Our hearts go out to his family and to his many friends and co-creators throughout the world.”

Stephen Elop, CEO of Nokia Oyj. (NOK1V)

“The world lost a true visionary today. Steve’s passion for simplicity and elegance leaves us all a legacy that will endure for generations. Today, my thoughts, and those of everyone at Nokia, are with the friends and family that he leaves behind.”

John Sculley, a former Apple CEO.

“Steve Jobs was intensely passionate at making an important difference in the lives of his fellow humans while he was on this planet. He never was into money or measured his life through owning stuff.

“The world knows Steve Jobs as the brilliant genius who transformed technology into magic. A part of Steve still lives within all of us through his beautifully designed products and his no-compromises media experiences.

Steve Jobs captured our imagination with his creativity. His legacy is far more than being the greatest CEO ever. A world leader is dead, but the lessons his leadership taught us live on.”

Paul Jacobs, CEO of Qualcomm Inc.

“We have all lost someone special today.

“I had a number of opportunities to meet and talk with Steve Jobs over the years. He was always a bold visionary and a risk taker, and a tough businessman as well.

“The products and technologies he and his team at Apple worked on will continue to influence the wireless industry and people’s everyday lives for many years to come. I offer my condolences to his family, friends and the employees of Apple.”

Terry Gou, chairman of Foxconn Technology Group.

“The world has lost a true hero and I have lost a friend whose dedication to his company, his customers, and our industry is reflected in the fact that he continued to work while dealing with such a devastating illness.
“True business leaders grow their companies by committing their innovation, creativity, and passion and, while Steve exemplified all of these qualities, he also committed his heart to building a company and products that enriched people’s lives.

“Steve’s spirit will live on forever with those who, like me, had the honor to know and work with him. However, everyone has been touched by his genius and, because of this, he has left the world a better place. He will be missed, but never forgotten.”

Masayoshi Son, CEO of Softbank Corp.

“I am deeply saddened to learn of the passing of Steve Jobs. Steve was truly a genius of our time, a man with a rare ability to fuse art and technology.

“Centuries from now, he will be remembered alongside Leonardo da Vinci. His achievements will continue to shine forever.”

Randall Stephenson, CEO of AT&T Inc.

“We are saddened by the passing of Steve Jobs. Steve was an iconic inventor, visionary, and entrepreneur, and we had the privilege to know him as partner and friend. All of us at AT&T offer our thoughts and prayers to Steve’s wife, family, and his Apple family.”

Lowell McAdam, CEO of Verizon Communications Inc.

“Steve Jobs devoted his ceaseless energy and creative genius to technology innovation that changed the world time and time again. Our industry and all of our customers benefited tremendously from his pursuit of excellence. We will miss him. Our heartfelt condolences go to his family and his employees.”

Rene Obermann, CEO of Deutsche Telekom AG.

“Steve Jobs was the greatest innovator, best marketing man and most determined entrepreneur I have known in my entire life. His approach and way of working will characterize Apple for a long time to come.”

Jeffrey Immelt, CEO of General Electric Co.

“He did something that I think is very hard: be both a dreamer and a doer.”

Tony Blair, the former U.K. prime minister.

“Steve was an extraordinary and creative human being, an inspiration and an innovator who believed that by the power of ideas the world could be transformed. As much as anyone in any walk of life in the early 21st century he changed people’s lives simply by imagination and determination. His memory will serve as a symbol of what the human mind can achieve.”

Santal Revolt In Jharkhand,Sido-Kanhu


Baba Tilka Majhi was first Santal leader who had taken up the arms against the powerful Britishers (East India Company) in the year 1789. The Britishers done the combing operation in the Tilapore forest from which Baba Tilka Majhi was operating but he and his men held the enemy at bay for several weeks.

When he was finally arrested in 1784, he was tied to the tail of a horse and dragged all the way to the District collector's residence at Bhgalpur city. There, his lacerated body was hung from a Banyan tree. A mamoth statue to the heroic leader was erected at the spot after the independence of the country. 

Hul Movement Sido- Kanho


Hul is a celebrated Santali term that suggests a movement for liberation. Santals in Santal Paragana an area of Jharkhand belongs to Santali tribe.

Santal Hul was one of the toughest and memorable uprise against the powerful britishers  in the history of Indian freedom struggles causing greatest number of loss of lives and property during that time.The number of causalities of Santal Hul was atleast 20,000 as per Hunter who wrote it in annals of Rural Bengal. 

The Santal Hul of 1855-57 was mobilized by four brothers named Sidhu, Kahnu, Chand and Bhairav; a heroic episode in India's prolonged struggle for freedom. It was, in all probability, the fiercest liberation movement launched by the tribal people in India next to Great Sepoy revolution in 1857.

With the annexation of political power of India by the East India Company, the natural habitats of the indigenous (Adiwasi) people including the Santals began to shatter by the intruders like moneylenders and the officials of East India Company. Traders and revenue farmers, who descended upon them in large numbers under the shelter and support of the Company

Their practices were quite exploitive Believe it or not!, but the  interest rates charged  on loan to the poor and illiterate Santals ranged between  50% to 500%.

These moneylenders were, needless to mention the crucial links in the chain of ruthless exploitation under company rule. They were the tools through which the tribal’s and other local people were brought within the influence and control of the colonial strategy.

The undercurrent had been simmering in the Santal Paraganas from the early decades of the nineteenth century owing to most naked exploitation of the Santals by both the Company officials and their collaborators, native immigrants.

Sido Murmu and Kanhu Murmu, an young and visionary man hailing from the village Bhognadih in Sahibganj district currently in tribal state Jharkhand, had long been brooding over the injustices perpetrated by the oppressors like hundreds and hundreds of their tribe's men.

The situation finally reached a burst point and, not surprisingly, a small episode that took place in July 1855 sparked one of the historical fiercest uprisings that the British administration ever faced in the country.

The emergence of Sido and Kanhu, youthful, dynamic and charismatic, provided a rallying point for the Santals to revolt against the britishers and their supporters.

On 30th June 1855, thousands of Santals assembled in a field in Bhagnadihi village of Santal Paragana, They declared themselves as free and took oath under the leadership of Sido and Kanhu to fight unto the last against the Britishers and their supporters.

Mounting Militant mood of the Santals frightened the British authority.A Police agent confronted them on the 7th July and tried to place the Sido and Kanhu arrested. The angry crowd reacted violently and killed the Police agent and burn the Police station. The event triggered a series of confrontations with the Company's Army and subsequently reached the scale of a full-fledged war.


At the outset, Santal rebels, led by both brother, made tremendous sucess and  they captured control over a large area of the country extending from Rajmahal hills in Bhagalpur district to Sainthia in Birbhum district. For the time being, Company rule in this vast area became completely paralyzed.

Several moneylenders and native agents of the Company were killed by the santhal's. Local British administrators had taken shelter in the Pakur Fort to protect their life. However, they rebel could not hold on to their gains due to the superior Military power of the East India Company came down heavily on them.

The courage, chivalry and sacrifice of the Santals people were countered by the Company with veritable butchery. Out of 50,000 Santal participated in the revolt, 15,000 to 20,000 were killed by the British Indian Army. The Company was finally able to suppress the rebellion in 1856, though some outbreaks continued till 1857.

The Santals showed great bravery, resilience and incredible courage in the fight against the Britishers. As long as their national drums continued beating, the whole party would stand and allow them to be shot down. There was no sign of yielding. Once forty Santals refused to surrender and took shelter inside a mud house. The troops surrounded the mud house and fired at them but Santals replied with their arrows. Then Soldiers made big hole through muddy wall, and the Captain ordered them surrender but they again shot a volley of arrows through the hole and Captain again asked them to surrender but they continued shooting arrows. Some of the soldiers were wounded. At last when the discharge of arrows from the door slackened, the Captain went inside the room with soldiers. He found only one old man grievously wounded, standing erect among the dead bodies. The soldier asked him to throw away arms, but instead he rushed on him and killed him with his battle axe.

It is believed that Sido was arrested by the British forces through treachery and Kanhu through an encounter at Uparbanda and was subsequently killed in captivity. The Santal Hul, however, did not come to an end in vain. It had a long-lasting impact. Santal Parganas Tenancy Act was the outcome of this struggle, which dished out some sort of protection to the indigenous people from the ruthless colonial exploitation. The understanding the mistake, tired to appease the Santals by removing the genuine grievances. Santal territory was born. The regular police was abolished and the duty of keeping peace and order and arresting criminals was vested in the hands of parganait and village headman.