Saturday, August 6, 2011

JPSC Syllabus Co-Operative extention officer



For Co-Operative extention officer examination :-

Meaning, Characteristics, Benefits and Importance of Co-Operation-grown of Co-Operative movement in India - Its role and progress during plan period - Status of Co-Operatives in Jharkhand State.
Agricultural Credit Societies - Their Organisation, Management, Objectives, area of operation, Credit related activities - Crop Loan System - Multi purpose societies – Service Co-Operatives - Weakness and Problems of these Societies and Suggestions for improvements.
Central Co-Operative Bank, State Co-Operative Bank and Land Development Bank - Their Objectives, Functions, Characteristics and management - Various kinds of Non-Agricultural Non credits Co-Operative Societies.

Auditing & Math :-

Meaning, Objects and importance of Auditing – Classification of Auditing – Difference between Internal Audit and Internal Inspection.
Voushing – Its objectives and importance
Depreciation of Assets and determination of their values – Rights and Duties of Auditor.
Audit, Supervision and Inspection of Co-Operative Societies, Mathematics of Average Level.a

S&P Downgrades US from AAA to AA Plus



New York, Aug, 6: World largest economy US has finally lost its top-notch triple-A credit rating from Standard & Poor's Friday, in a dramatic reversal of fortune for the most powerful country.

S&P cut the long-term U.S. credit rating by one notch to AA-plus on concerns about growing budget deficits and other debt problems.

"The downgrade reflects our opinion that the fiscal consolidation plan that Congress and the administration recently agreed to falls short of what, in our view, would be necessary to stabilize the government's medium-term debt dynamics," S&P said in a statement.

"More broadly, the downgrade reflects our view that the effectiveness, stability, and predictability of American policymaking and political institutions have weakened at a time of ongoing fiscal and economic challenges to a degree more than we envisioned when we assigned a negative outlook to the rating on April 18, 2011," the statement said.

The now estimated outlook on the new U.S. credit rating is negative, the S&P said in its statement, a sign that another downgrade is possible in the next 12 to 18 months.

On Aug. 2,US President Barack Obama signed legislation designed to reduce the fiscal deficit by $2.1 trillion over 10 years after hard bargaining on capitol hill to protect the country from the default. But that was well short of the $4 trillion in savings S&P had called for as a good "down payment" on fixing America's finances.

The political gridlock in Washington and the failure of US lawmakers to seriously address U.S. long-term fiscal issues came against the backdrop of slowing U.S. economic growth and led to the worst week in the U.S. stock market in two years.
For the week, ended on Aug,6 the Dow tumbled 5.75 %, logging its steepest weekly decline since Mar. 2009. Kraft was the only blue-chip stock to finish in the black for the week, while Bank of America  lost more than 15 %.
The S&P plunged 7.18 %, while the Nasdaq sank 8.13 %, posting their biggest fall since Nov. 2008.

All three major indices are in negative territory for the year. In addition, all three indexes are also trading in deep red defined by a drop of 10 % from its peak from their intraday high in Apr. 29. This comes after stocks plunged sharply on Thursday, with the Dow sank more than 500 points, in its worst one-day drop since the subprime fiasco of December 2008. 

All 10 S&P sectors finished deep in the red for the week ensed Aug. 6, led by energy, which tumbled more than 10 %.

The CBOE Volatility Index, widely considered as the best gauge of fear in the market, finished above 32 in the week.
www.goindocal.com

Wednesday, August 3, 2011

Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan


Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan

The Scheme of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) was launched in 2001. The goals of SSA are as follows :

All 6 – 14 age children in School / Education Guarantee Scheme Centre / bridge course by 2003.

All 6 – 14 age children complete five Year primary education by 2007.

All 6 – 14 age children complete eight Years of schooling by 2010.

Focus on elementary education of satisfactory quality with emphasis on education for life.
Bridge all gender and social category gaps at primary stage by 2007 and at elementary education level by 2010.

Universal retention by 2010.

The assistance under the program of SSA was on a 85:15 sharing arrangement during the Ninth Plan, 75:25 sharing arrangement during the Tenth Plan, and 50:50 sharing thereafter between the Central Government and State Government.

SSA addresses the needs of 194 million children in the age group of 6 – 14 Years. Under the scheme, 9.72 lakh existing primary and upper primary schools and 36.95 lakh existing teachers have been covered

Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)


Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY)

The scheme was launched on October 2, 1993 and initially was in operation in Urban areas From April 1, 1994, the scheme is being implemented throughout the country.

Under this scheme every selected educated unemployed youth in the age group of 18 – 35 Years and having family income below  40,000 is provided a loan of up to  1 lakh for opening his own enterprise and  2 lakhs for other activities.

Projects involving two or more than two partners may be given a loan up to  10 lakhs. Under this scheme, 15% of the total project cost (maximum  15,000) is given to the beneficiary as subsidy. 5% of equity is to be invested by the beneficiary himself and the remaining cost of the project is financed by the concerned bank.
The entrepreneurs of these tiny units are provided adequate training and also given assistance of raw material and marketing, if required.

Micro – enterprises from commercial sector should not comprise more than 30 percent. This scheme is being administered by Union Industry Ministry. SC/ST and other backward classes have been given reservation of 22.5% and 27% respectively.

Bharat Nirman Yojana


Bharat Nirman Yojana

Accepting the policy ‘a step towards village’, Union Government launched a new scheme, named ‘Bharat Nirman Yojana’ on December 16, 2005. This scheme aims at developing rural infrastructure. The duration of implementing this scheme has been determined for four Years with the expected expenditure of 1,74,000 crore. The major six sectors and their targets for next four Years are :

Irrigation: To ensure irrigation for additional one crore hectare of land by 2009.

Roads: To link all villages of 1,000 populations with roads and also to link all ST and hilly villages up to 500 populations with roads.

Housing: Construction of 60 lakh additional houses for the poor.

Water Supply: To ensure drinking water to all remaining 74,000 villages.

Electrification: To supply electricity to all remaining 1, 25,000 villages and to provide electricity connection to 2.3 crore houses.

Rural Communication: To provide telephone facility to all remaining 66,822 villages.