BPSC Topic: Land Use Pattern in Bihar

BPSC Topic: Land Use Pattern in Bihar

Bihar falls in the riverine plane of the Ganga basin Area. Because of this topographic nature, land put to agricultural use here is high as compared to other states in India. 

The land use pattern has remained more or less unchanged except for the areas put to agricultural use.

As per staistics the area under forests has remained unchanged at 6.6 percent and so has area under non-agricultural use at 17.6 percent.

The area under net sown area has undergone a marginal change. In 2007-08, net shown area was 60.5 percent as compared to 59.4 percent in 2005-06.

The increase in net sown area is 109 thousand hectares. Cropping intensity has also shown a marginal increase from 1.33 in 2005-06 to 1.37 in 2007-08. This implies an additional 368 thousand hectares under cultivation in 2007-08 over 2005-06.

Land under both fallow and current fallow have registered a decrease in 2007-08. This indicates that, with growing population, the pressure on land is now even higher.

The Land Use Pattern in different districts in 2007-08 reveals that the patterns in different districts of Bihar exhibit substantial variation. This is due to different agro-climatic conditions of the districts.

If we take into account the percentage of net sown area, we would find that in 9 districts more than 70 percent of the land area is under cultivation. These districts are Nalanda (74.4 percent), Buxar (85.6 percent), Bhojpur (79.6 percent), Jehanabad (73.3 percent), Saran (70.9 percent), Gopalganj (70.3 percent), Siwan (75.9 percent), East Champaran (70.4 percent) and Madhepura (72 percent). 

On the other hand, districts with less than 50 percent of net sown area are Gaya (38.2 percent), Nawada (41.8 percent), Munger (37.1 percent) and Jamui (20.4 percent).

The districts where irrigation facilities are at a minimal, the cropping intensity remains low, despite efforts by farmers to increase the cropping intensity. Cropping intensity is the lowest at 1.10 in Jamui.

BPSC:Topic Education Condition in Bihar

In the ancient period Bihar was the light house of learning, teaching and research in India. There were two world-Famous universities i.e. the Nalanda University and the Vikramshila University.

Nalanda University was well known for providing education in Political Science and Economics, while Vikramshila known for education in Tantra. Unfortunately in medieval period this system of education destroyed by invaders. Later British rule ruined the the country and the area remain neglected.

It was only in later halves of British rule in India when Bihar saw some turn around in education as the British established a University at Patna and some other institutes for the promotion of higher education, like Science College, Patna, Prince of Wales Medical College (Now Patna Medical College and Hospital), and Bihar Engineering College (Now National Institute of Technology, Patna). However the Institutional growth for the education in the state did not prolifirated further as post independence leaders from Bihar failed to build and nourished the educational institutions in the state.

Bihar is facing huge demand and supply mismatch in education in the state which is the prime  reason of the migration of the students from the state for receiving professional education.

There is good chunk of of Bihari students are studying in institutes of higher education in other states like Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), Indian Institutes of Management (IIIMs), All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS),and other renouned institution across the country.

The schooling system in Bihar is still at the rudimentary stage as it was during the British rule. Bihar government administers state schools in Bihar the flagship system of District Schools is known as Zila Schools in the State.The State schools are affiliated with Bihar School Examination Board (BSEB),Patna.

In recent past there are good number of modern schools affiliated with Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE) and Council for Indian School Certificate Examination (CICSE) are came in the state. These schools mainly include Convent Schools, Kendriya Vidyalayas, and Jawahar Navodaya Vidyalayas. In the post liberalization policy the number of private schools, including school-chains and Missionary Schools run by Christian Missionaries as well as Madrasas, or schools run by Muslim clerics has significantly increased and quality of education also improved. The school-chains and Missionary Schools run by Christian Missionaries are known as some of the best schools in the state because of well organised management teaching methodology and changing with need of the student.

The situation of higher education Bihar is not up to mark several universities and colleges like Patna University, Magadh University,L.N Mishra University,National Institute of Technology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and many others. Range of courses taught like sciences, engineering, law, medicine, mass communication in the state.

The literacy rate in Bihar is low as there is huge gap between demand and supply for school education as well as higher education. The state requires more number of schools and institutes for higher education. The Indian Institute of Technology and Nalanda University will soon be set up. With these institutions coming up it is expected that the literacy rate will be higher than it is at present as they will also attract many other educational institutions to set up their branches in the state

General Electric (GE) achieved a 21.6 % rise in profit, by beating the analysts estimates

New York, July,22:One of the leading conglomerates of the world General Electric (GE) achieved a 21.6 % rise in profit, by beating the analysts estimates, due to strong surge in the demand outside the US for its heavy equipment including jet engines and electric turbines.

The shares of General Electric  up 2.3 % in premarket trading, after the upbeat number the Q2 performance attributable to common shareholders came to $3.69 billion, or 35 cents per share, with respect to $3.03 billion, or 28 cents per share, a year earlier.

Considering the one-time items, earning was 34 cents per share. On that basis, analysts had estimated for profit of 32 cents per share, according to Thomson Reuters.

The Revenue of General Electric dipped 3.5 % to $35.63 billion, from the last year $37.44 billion, reflecting the sale of a majority holding in its NBC Universal business to Comcast. Analysts had expected $34.7 billion.

General Electric is a minority shareholder in CNBC and CNBC.com.General Electric joins a slew of big U.S. Company reporting Q2 results this week. Their results have been mixed.

Companies that do big busines in outside the US, such as United Technologies, have exceeded Street’s expectations.

The industrial side of the business is "a larger and larger percent of the whole business," Jack de Gan, Principal and Senior Advisor at Harbor Advisory, said over CNBC.

The capital moves that General Electric is making "are all things that are very shareholder-friendly," de Gan said, adding that another dividend rise may be in the cards within a year.

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